Overview of the Xiongnu Nomads

Xiongnu was a multi-ethnic nomadic grouping from Central Asia which existed between about 300 BCE and 450 CE. Pronunciation:  SHIONG-nuAlso Known  As:  Hsiung-nu The Great Wall The Xiongnu were based in what is now Mongolia and frequently raided south into China. They were such a threat that the first Qin Dynasty emperor, Qin Shi Huang, ordered the construction of huge fortifications along the northern border of China—fortifications that later were expanded into the Great Wall of China. An Ethnic Quandry Scholars have long debated the ethnic identity of the Xiongnu: Were they a Turkic people, Mongolian, Persian, or some mixture? In any case, they were a warrior people to be reckoned with. One ancient Chinese scholar, Sima Qian, wrote in the Records of the Grand Historian that the last emperor of the Xia Dynasty, who ruled sometime around 1600 BCE, was a Xiongnu man. However, it is impossible to prove or disprove this claim. The Han Dynasty Be that as it may, by 129 BCE, the new Han Dynasty decided to declare war against the troublesome Xiongnu. (The Han sought to re-establish trade along the Silk Road to the west and the Xiongnu made this a difficult task.) The balance of power between the two sides shifted over the next few centuries, but the Northern Xiongnu were driven out of Mongolia after the Battle of Ikh Bayan (89 CE), while the Southern Xiongnu were absorbed into Han China. The Plot Thickens Historians believe that the Northern Xiongnu continued west until they reached Europe under a new leader, Attila, and a new name, the Huns.

Plunging The Joy Luck Club by Amt Tan Essay - 1131 Words

The Joy Luck Club (1985) was written by Amy Tan (1952). The Joy Luck Club is the story of a Chinese mother who leaves everything behind, a mother who leaves her family in China in order to get her children (in this case our protagonist June) a better life. Or as Amy Tan says: â€Å"The Joy Luck Club, about a woman whose mother has just died and who regrets that she never knew who she truly was. The stories poured out. They were what I felt and had to say before it was too late. I had found my reason to write.† (http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/19/amy-tan-joy-luck-club-guardian-book-club) The Joy Luck Club is the story of a Chinese mother who leaves everything behind but it is also the story of a Chinese-American woman who realises in a†¦show more content†¦The story of the swan (we can read it on Feathers from a Thousand LI Away) is very meaningful. The American Dream changes between the generations. For the mothers, it is creating a future full of privilege and success. For the daughters, it is the freedom to take their opportunities and do with them as little or as much as they want. The daughters American ness is reflected most strongly in their relationships with men. Ted, Harold, and especially Rich, represent the American part of their wives, which for the mothers seems frighteningly disconnected from Chinese thinking. Suyuan wants Jing-Mei to be the perfect American girl like Shirley Temple, but resents how little Jing-Mei understands about Chinese culture. As Lindo Jong explains, these are the perils of being two-faced. Fitting in one place means not fitting in somewhere else, and the challenge for Chinese-American women is to find a balance that honours both cultures. Another very important subject is that which talks about love and marriages. On the one side we have the mothers who thought that love and marriage are not always holding hands. That is, a wife sometimes has to do things although she doesn’t want to. We come back to role of the submissive woman. On the other hand we have the daughters, who believe that they have the right to find true love and to get married and if they marry, they have the right to be themselves and not what their husbands or the

Evaluate Current Learning Theories Education Essay Free Essays

string(130) " that larning at the higher degrees is dependent on holding attained prerequisite cognition and accomplishments at lower degrees\." To be able to name the theoretician involved with scientific discipline, and the 14 – 19 course of study, it would be more prudent to state that all the theoreticians in one manner or another, if looked at closely plenty would hold an input, from the behaviorists like Skinner, Pavlov and Watson, to Piaget and the Cognitive development theories, within scientific discipline Brunner with his societal constructivism is the more applicable, when it comes to border working, scaffolding and the spiralling course of study, with Vygotski and the socio cultural theories underpinning societal context, civilization, linguistic communication, equals, instructors and the Zone of Proximal Development theories. From the late 1980 ‘s, and the debut of the original national course of study, to present twenty-four hours, childhood experiences have changed drastically, with childhood demands traveling on at a enormous rate. The kid of today has a batch more to get by with in relation to the societal and economic facets of their lives, and as such for the first clip in twenty old ages there is some kind of lucidity about what will go on nationally, in relation to the 14-19 course of study and makings, to run into single student ‘s demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluate Current Learning Theories Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The original debut of topics and cardinal phases, has now moved on in a positive way, with recent reappraisals in instruction of new specifications of AS and A degrees in September 2008, The debut of Diplomas in 2008, in 17 capable countries, has expanded the chances for academic makings, specific to an single students demands. With the debut of the new specifications for GCSE ‘s across the course of study in September 2009, the QCA began a procedure that will besides take to revised scientific discipline GCSE specifications from Sept 2011, These new specifications are to include, GCSE Science, GCSE Additional Science, GCSE Additional Applied Science, GCSE Biology and GCSE Physics. As portion of the wider alterations to GCSE scientific discipline, strategies of work such as Twenty First Century Science were designed ; these classs enabled the pupils to understanding the scientific discipline they experienced in mundane life. Looking at one country of scientific discipline in relation to the 14 – 19 course of study, it becomes evident that the model is designed on a spiralling course of study ( Bruner 1986 ) , this is apparent from Key phase 3, with the unit, Organisms / Behaviour and wellness, in which cells are taught in the undermentioned form, Cells, Animal cells and Plant cells, Cells and their behavior, Cell tissues and Organ systems. At Key phase 4 cells are taught once more, constructing on constructs already established in Key phase 3 but utilizing Blooms Taxonomy ( Bloom 1956 ) , with units covered on Populating cells such as Bacteria which reproduce inside host cells ( Animal cells and works cells ) , White blood cells such as Phagocytes and Lymphocytes, Red blood cells incorporating Haemoglobin, Antibiotics which break down cell walls. Once A and AS degrees are studied, cells are revisited once more but at a much deeper degree of understanding, with Antibiotic Resistance, Differential Centrifugation – a method of dividing different cell organs of a cell so that they can be analysed, Analyzing cells with the usage of the Transmission Electron Microscope ( TEM ) or the Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ) and Cell distinction. This spiralling course of study ( Bruner 1986 ) , means that a complex thought can be built on, and understood, by revisiting the cardinal constructs of the topic, clip and clip once more as the student additions in experience and sees more of how scientific discipline can be related to experiences in the existent universe, utilizing constructs and apprehensions from each single key phase, chiefly to increase cognition of the construct taught, this model facilitates the demand for revisiting the basic cardinal constructs of the original stuff, as in cardinal phase 3 the initial constructs are an built-in portion of cardinal phase 4 and supra. This structural model can be related to a Social Constructivism theory from Bruner in his research on the development of kids in 1966, and subsequently developed into the Integration of the acquisition procedure at different degrees ( Bruner 1986 ) , with Bruner ‘s theory, he proposed three degrees of representation, Enactive Representation Iconic Representation ( image-based ) and Symbolic Representation ( language-based ) , in Bruner ‘s theory it is suggested that when faced with new capable stuff, to come on from an action based representation to an image based representation and finally linguistic communication based representation, it would be more accomplishable if the each clear phase was slackly incorporate, so each portion can be translated to the following 1 ( Bruner 1986 ) , as opposed to Piaget ‘s theory of ‘Stage-Theory of development ‘ , ( Beard 1969 ) and ( Crain 1992 ) , which has been summarised as: â€Å" Children of a given age are more likely to show similarity of ( mental ) structures than kids of different, ages † . ( Brown 1977, p.26 ) . Piaget ‘s epistemology has been characterised as ‘constructivist and relativist ‘ ( Pope A ; Gilbert 1983, p.195 ) , and has been widely influential in Science Education ( Bliss1995 ) . Piaget demonstrated that kids who have non undertaken formal direction might still hold constructed their ain thoughts about phenomena they experience in the universe and their ain significances for words as they get linguistic communication e.g. , ( Piaget 1973, 1929 ) this can take to misconceptions within scientific discipline hence, although influential in scientific discipline, Piaget ‘s phases for ages theory is non every bit applicable to the modern twenty-four hours kid ‘s demands and hence the coveted affect is non accomplishable. With Bruner ‘s theory a clear nexus can be made with Bloom ‘s Taxonomy in which Benjamin Bloom suggested that the educational aims can be split down into three classs, Affective or associating to the experience of feeling or emotion, Psychomotor shown by physical accomplishments such as motion, sleight, strength, coordination, use, grace, and velocity, and the scientific procedure of idea known as Cognitive Theory, the terminal consequence is the creative activity of a more holistic signifier of instruction. ( Bloom1956 ) . This type of Taxonomy means that larning at the higher degrees is dependent on holding attained prerequisite cognition and accomplishments at lower degrees. You read "Evaluate Current Learning Theories Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" An roll uping organic structure of research indicates that the instructor plays a critical function in choosing and measuring appropriate learning resources and bordering ( gyrating course of study ) these to work engineering in prosecuting learning ends ; in structuring ( gyrating course of study ) , sequencing, pacing, monitoring and measuring acquisition, and in interceding interactions between kids and engineering, including through ‘guided find ‘ ( Bruner 1985, pp.21-43 ) As such Bruner was besides influential in the development of Vygotsky ‘s work on the socio-cultural and activity based theories ( Vygotsky 1986,1978 ) and ( Vygotsky 1934, pp.355-370 ) which suggested that constructs do non merely stand for a concatenation of associatory connexions assimilated by the memory of an automatic mental accomplishment, but a complicated and existent act of believing which can non be mastered by simple memorisation, ( Vygotsky 1934, p.356 ) and as such Vygotsky, saw that conceptual acquisition required an active engagement from the scholar, bespeaking there is a existent demand to look at the societal facet of acquisition and how schools every bit good as scientific discipline put the model and construction in topographic point for the acquisition procedure, with the execution of a socially mediated procedure ( Scott 1998, pp.45-80 ) .whereas Piaget, s theory were all based on internal influences of the head. Vygotsky believed that conceptual development involved a procedure of convergence as the concrete becomes abstracted, and the abstract is made concrete ( Vygotsky 1986 ) Over clip, self-generated constructs would get a formal construction and be unfastened to witting usage, and formal scientific constructs would germinate connexions with existent experience and external influences, ( Vygotsky 1934, pp.355-370 ) , so scientific constructs provide the models within which a scholar could go cognizant of his tacit self-generated constructs ( Crain 1992 ) , the gyrating course of study as suggested by Bruner tantrums suitably with this construct, as the kid additions in experiences of the existent universe so concepts taught at an earlier phase can be consolidated and built on, with reviews and callback exercisings utilised suitably by the instructor. To summarize the thought of conceptual larning a paper from Elisabeth H. Wiig A ; Karl M. Wiig, on conceptual acquisition suggests that we expect that an effectual acquisition procedure will supply appropriate content and prepare scholars to: â€Å" Function intelligently in the undertakings in front. When these undertakings involve farther larning, we expect that during the earlier learning phases, scholars will hold built mental theoretical accounts, constructs, books, schemes, associations, positions, schemes, and so on – anterior cognition – sufficiently good to construct extra cognition efficaciously † . ( Wigg 1999 ) . Science lessons in schools show this procedure with the 14 – 19 course of study and instruction schemes are put in topographic point to present an thought or a construct by patterning so constructing on that really construct to more higher systematic maps such as analysing, measuring and making. When lessons were observed it was noted that the theory of conceptual acquisition works good within the scientific scene, with the instructor foremost patterning a construct or experiment to demo how the capable stuff non merely fits in within the large image of the strategy of plants, but can besides pull on the students, as a group or persons, ain experiences of the topic in the existent universe, or in relation to issues that straight affect the student and as such, in the procedure deriving their involvement in the topic, a twelvemonth 10 group is a good illustration of this, when making Applied Science, the healthy human organic structure faculty, one subdivision on the cells of the air sac, and transportation of O and waste gases, straight related to the consumption of coffin nail fume and the at hand harm that is caused by the dislocation of the air sac cell wall construction. This was modelled utilizing straws and balloons so starting the balloon so the surface country of the balloon was reduced and therefore the available gas transportation country reduced. Concepts of cell construction was recapped on anterior larning so built on with gaseous transportation through the cell wall in relation to come up country, with the modeling construct and the spiralling course of study principle the hard construct was easy for the students to associate excessively. As per suggestions from, ( Wigg 1999 ) , earlier acquisition had been achieved with mental theoretical accounts built, constructs of cell constructions introduced, books and keywords instigated, schemes or preconceived thoughts of the procedure of respiration is amalgamate or any misconceptions dispelled and a organized form of idea was established with the mental frame work focus oning around the specific subject of gas exchanges within the healthy human organic structure and the input of potentially unsafe carcinogenic stuffs, utilizing positions constructed by student group treatments and anterior cognition both from an educational beginning and a societal beginning climaxing in constructing extra cognition efficaciously. Whole lessons used Bruner ‘s theory, that the instructor plays a critical function in choosing and measuring appropriate learning resources and frame working the lesson so anterior cognition could be accessed and built on by all students, ( Bruner 1985, pp.21-34 ) . Guided Discovery was utilised in the lesson, non merely by the instructor, in the activity of patterning the construct but besides by utilizing a theory from ( Driver and Easley 1978, pp.61-84 ) , which focused on the scholar ‘s active function in building their personal cognition, backed up by a paper written In 1982, when Gilbert ( UK ) , Fensham ( Australia ) and Osborne ( NZ ) published a paper sing ‘children ‘s scientific discipline ‘ , where results were dependent on anterior cognition established on a subject with consequences bespeaking a ‘unified scientific result ‘ , where the erudite significances closely matched that intended. ( Gilbert, J.K. , Osborne, R.J. A ; FenshamP.J. 1982, pp.630-1 ) , This learning scheme works good with groups of assorted ability students but can fall down when used on an single degree, as each students experiences within a societal context is different, dependent on legion variables such as geographical locat ion, economic position, equal force per unit areas and most of import the person ‘s ain knowledge degree, or how the single moves from the procedure of idea on to cognize, this leads back to the instructor utilizing guided find and doing certain that advanced instruction methods are utilized, based on the acquisition and apprehension of the cardinal constructs of scientific discipline. Whilst looking at the societal facet of larning it is prudent to advert Vygosky ‘s work on the Zone of Proximal Development or ZPD, ( Vygostky ‘s 1986 ) in which a scholars ZPD can be classed as the noticeable alteration between from what a scholar can make or accomplish, without aid and what the scholar can make with aid, this can be either from a instructor led activity or equal mentoring. Vygotsky ‘s theory on zone of proximal development can be interpreted as: â€Å" The distance between the existent developmental degree as determined by independent job resolution and the degree of possible development as determined through job work outing under grownup counsel, or in coaction with more capable equals † . ( Vygotsky 1978, p.86 ) . This theory has been criticised by legion theoreticians, as idealist idea with defects in his work, what impact would an overbearing parent have on a kid ‘s development, or the kid that expected aid when it was non needed utilizing the equal as an educational crutch, ( Santrock 2004, pp. 200-255 ) , In a schoolroom scene, every bit good as the whole school scene, it has been noted that ZPD is highly of import, and is utilised in all categories non merely scientific discipline, with many categories being of assorted ability across the course of study runing from low ability pupils to gifted and talented students, sometimes integrating students with Particular Educational Needs ( SEN ) , such as reading, composing or linguistic communication barriers to larn, this means that it ‘s non merely the instructors that are utilized to steer a pupils acquisition, but other members of the schools staff such as Teaching Assistants, support staff and members of the Pastoral system. Gi fted and talented students or students of a high degree of proximal development can be utilised within a assorted group category to reenforce larning for lower ability students and in the procedure consolidating their ain degree of understanding by callback and account of the topic frequently utilizing linguistic communication that is more accessible to the lower ability student, in crisp contrast to the benefits of equal mentoring or acquisition, the booby traps could show jobs of their ain with low ability pupils in groups trusting on the higher ability students to make the work and as such they make no advancement, this was observed in categories on legion occasions when posting work or experimentation was carried out with, the lower ability pupil be givening to make the lower taxonomy undertakings such as clip maintaining or coloring, whilst go forthing the higher taxonomy undertakings such as anticipations and decisions to the higher ability student, this tendency can besides b e translated into grownup equal mentoring, with the force per unit area of school marks, particularly in the kingdom of coursework where the student refuses to utilize independent idea, and as such the equal virtually dictates what the student should make to bring forth a finished piece of work for rating, stating that ZPD decently instigated and supervised can be an priceless tool in the instructors toolkit, this premise is backed up by other educational professionals who believe: â€Å" The function of instruction to be to supply kids with experiences which are in their ZPD thereby promoting and progressing their single acquisition † . ( Berk and Winsler 1995, p. 24 ) . As portion of making a safe environment within the scientific discipline schoolroom, to heighten students larning, behaviorism is an built-in portion of the instructors thought procedure, with cases of minor breaks and inappropriate behavior monitored and learning schemes adjusted consequently. Most inappropriate behavior issues in the scientific discipline environment can be related back to a theory by Bandura who through observation and imitation, looked at personality as being closely related to the environment, behavior, and the individual ‘s psychological processes.A Bandura postulated, along with other behaviorist psychologists, and societal acquisition ( SL ) theorists that all behavior is learned and that the individual, the behavior, every bit good as the environment were all closely connected, to make acquisition in an person, ( Bandura 1986, pp.18-22. ) , this hypothesis was developed over many old ages with modeling as an of import portion of his surveies and observ ations, Bandura described the primary function of patterning is to speed up command by supplying the scholar with a theoretical account to copy. ( Bandura 1986, pp.18-22. ) , with Bandura ‘s celebrated Bobo Doll surveies, in which one of his pupils was given an inflatable buffoon doll, weighted at the underside, and instructed to kick, clout and hit the doll with an inflatable cock, whilst she was filmed, the movie was later shown to a group of Kinder garden kids, who intelligibly exhaustively enjoyed watching the grownups jokes, and when instructed that it was playtime, proceeded to the rumpus room, which purposefully contained legion Bobo dolls and inflatable cocks, the kids instantly proceeded to copy the jokes of the grownup by reproducing precisely the same actions and linguistic communication of the grownup, ( Bandura, Ross, and Ross 1961, pp.575-582 ) , although pertinent, the theory has defects, in that the doll is really designed to maintain resiling back as a beginni ng of amusement for kids and as such the kids will see this procedure as a game to be enjoyed, but this Social Learning Theory can hold deductions within the scientific discipline schoolroom, as all experiments are modelled by the instructor and if non modelled right so any inappropriate instruction will be modelled or mimicked by the students, hence, supplying that the capable affair is modelled, structured and pitched at the right degree most behaviour issues can be avoided. Another outstanding theoretician on behaviorism is Burrhus Frederic Skinner, an American psychologist who came up with the theory of operant conditioning, as opposed to Pavlov ‘s theory of classical conditioning, in which the topic carries out a signifier of associated acquisition ( Pavlov 1927,1960 ) , operant conditioning is the usage of extrinsic or intrinsic motive to modify behavior, and is broken down into two chief classs, positive support which occurs when a student is accomplishing the instructor demands and can be in the simplest of signifiers such as congratulations or a wages that the student conceives as pleasant and so continues the criterions that are required, both methods are normally used in schools to advance god behavior in the procedure making a safe acquisition environment with encouraging consequences observed in students behaviour forms, reviews of Skinners theories are chiefly associated with the comparatively new field of Neuroscience, in which theoret icians claim that there is a direct nexus between larning and cognitive procedures, disparaged by other Psychologists as to whether encephalon scanning has told us anything utile about cognitive neuroscience as yet ( Coltheart 2006 ) , a good computer science metaphor for reviews is: â€Å" No sum of cognition about the hardware of a computing machine will state you anything serious about the nature of the package that the computing machine runs. In the same manner, no facts about the activity of the encephalon could be used to corroborate or rebut some information-processing theoretical account of knowledge † . ( Coltheart 2004, p.22 ) On lesson observations and learning undertaken, it was observed that elements of all the theories worked, but with burden on the instructor seting the right schemes in topographic point for single scholars every bit good as group acquisition. Forefront of every instructors mind, is the Every Child Matters docket, which is underpinned in one manner or another by all the theoreticians, but by far the most influential must be Maslow who developed a: â€Å" Hierarchy of demands † . ( Maslow 1943, pp.370-96 ) . And as such has lasted the instruction ages, after being dispelled to go the outstanding force, driving the demands of the modern twenty-four hours kid. Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands contains five degrees, physiological, safety, love/ belonging, regard and self- realization in that go uping order and if the scaffolded pyramid is used in concurrence with the theoreticians aforementioned so the instruction and good being of any kid is able to come on at the needed gait. Word Count – 3204 How to cite Evaluate Current Learning Theories Education Essay, Essay examples

Blood Brothers by play write Willy Russell Essay Example For Students

Blood Brothers by play write Willy Russell Essay The play Blood Brothers was written by playwrite Willy Russell in the 1980s, which is also when it is set. It is based in and around Liverpool and follows the lives of twin brothers who are separated at birth and live apart, oblivious to each others existence. Micky stays with his mother (Mrs Johnstone) who cannot afford to have two more mouths to feed and (Mrs Johnstone) sells her other son Eddie to a rich couple who are unable to have children. They meet up again and become best friends growing up together. After dabbling in drugs, women, robbery, guns and the counsel, they end up hating each other. Not until the end when Micky is near breaking point and Eddie heading that way, do they find out theyre brothers. I enjoyed this play very much. It has a plot which slowly builds up the tension and drama, starting off with the two brothers being as happy as can be and builds up to the climax. It is a gradual crescendo of tension and excitement as their lives get worse and worse as the play goes on. The mood of the play distinctively changes around half way through. After the audience is shown the end scene at the start of the play the plot is quite light hearted and has some very funny moments, like the conversation between Mickey and Eddie when they first meet and the almost slap-stick scene where the children are playing cowboys and Indians. Then the play takes a turn for the worse (from the characters point of view) and changes from a comedy-drama into an all out tragedy-thriller. Even in the first half of the play there are moments cut away from the cheerful and humorous atmosphere the children grow up in, that remind the audience of Eddie and Mickeys fate. These moments usually involve Mrs Lyons and more often Mrs Johnstone and are followed by the narrator chorusing The devil and hes got your number. These little scenes are added to build up tension, something Russell does very well. He relaxes the audience with comedy and keeps adding these very emotional and strong scenes to bring the audience back to reality with loud music and powerful lighting effects. Humour is also used to keep the audience interested and balance out the conflict and sadness in the play. As the play progresses we see less and less of the comedy, as the plot gets down to the struggles of growing up they both have to face, into and approaching adulthood. As well as being an enthralling play it also tackles some hard social and moral issues. I feel that Willy Russell must be a very socialist person or has a great understanding to the working classes as I feel the main issue this play raises is class. The characters of Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons are a good contrast, almost an antithesis both in class and personality. Throughout the play Russell puts the audience under the impression that the upper classes always have the upper hand, adding little sequences to influence this such as: when Micky and Eddie are apprehended by a policeman. He is very polite, friendly and almost apologetic towards Mr and Mrs Lyons whereas he is the complete opposite with Mrs Johnston, insulting and threatening her and her family. Ironically at the start of the play, although the Johnstones are very much living on the breadline, they begin the play very cheerfully, compared to the Lyons who never seem content. The play is based almost entirely on this philosophy as Mickys life gradually turns into a living hell and although Eddie is not happy towards the end of the play he is a lot better off than Micky even though Eddie may have worked harder as an adult. It is also very ironic how Mrs Lyons has more money than she knows what to do with and yet can never be happy, as she is unable to have children. On the other hand Mrs Johnston has more children than she knows what to do with and is scraping a living to try and provide for them. .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postImageUrl , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:visited , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active { border:0!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the romantic tragedy `Romeo and Juliet` EssayThere are several other issues running throughout the play, most of which are based around superstition: fate, luck, truth, lies etc. The whole play is based on the superstition that if Mickey and Eddie discover they are brothers they will die, which of course they do. This almost drives Mrs Lyons insane and throughout the play does whatevers within her power to stop Eddie finding out. She even tries to kill Mrs Johnstone, which is a great scene and is a perfect example of the conflict in the play. There are many forms of conflict in Blood Brothers, physical, verbal, overt and covert, which is what makes the play so tense. When Mrs Lyons argues with Mrs Johnstone just preceding Mrs Lyons attack with a knife there is fantastic verbal conflict which builds up the tension by using short, sharp lines like Dont lie! during their very gripping argument. Mrs Lyons attempted stabbing on Mrs Johnstone releases this tension; this is something that Russell does a lot in this play; release tension in one swift moment which has builds up over the preceding scenes. This is also physical and overt conflict as it is meant to be seen, much like the final scene when the shootings take place (also an example of sudden tension release). Another great way that Russell builds suspense is repeating techniques and images. There are many throughout the play such as the moody and intimidating lighting that mirrored Mrs Lyons emotions in her panicky and edgy moments on stage. The appearance of a mysterious narrator is a good repetitious devise; he not only sets the scene but always adds very philosophical and meaningful interpretative verses that really make you think about the play and see it from a new perspective. Reoccurring songs and verse give the audience a sense of familiarity and relationship towards the character or situation, for instance as Mrs Johnstone tells her story at the beginning of the play she sings:  Like Marilyn Monroe, and we went dancin  This song is appears again several times in the play and as a result although Mrs Johnstone is not a main character you feel as close to her as Mickey and Eddie.